[ Research ]

The papers behind Solidus.

Five papers cover the protocol's foundations: validator consensus, signature scheme, DID method, threat model, and economics. All open-access, all peer-reviewable.

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PROTOCOL · WHITEPAPER

Solidus: A Decentralized Identity Layer with Verifiable Credentials and Validator-Backed Consensus

Solidus Foundation

We present Solidus, a decentralized protocol for issuing, presenting, and verifying credentials. The design combines W3C Verifiable Credentials, BBS+ signatures, and a HotStuff-based BFT consensus among staked validators.

62 pp · May 2026Read the paper
CRYPTOGRAPHY

BBS+ Signatures for Selective Disclosure in Verifiable Credentials

Camenisch, Drijvers, et al. (IBM Research) — adapted for Solidus

BBS+ signatures allow a credential holder to reveal arbitrary subsets of attributes while keeping all others hidden, with a constant-size proof. We document the Solidus adaptation, the security parameters, and the proving/verification benchmarks on commodity hardware.

18 pp · Apr 2026Read the paper
ECONOMICS

Validator Economics in a Credential-Verification Network

Solidus Foundation

Unlike payment networks, Solidus validators earn primarily from credential-verification fees, not block production. We model the fee market, the stake distribution, and the deflationary crossover under realistic demand-growth assumptions.

24 pp · May 2026Read the paper
PROTOCOL

did:solidus — A W3C DID Method for the Solidus Network

Solidus Foundation

Specifies the did:solidus method per the W3C DID Core 1. 0 Recommendation: identifier syntax, DID document format, CRUD operations, key rotation, and the on-chain registry contract.

16 pp · Mar 2026Read the paper
SECURITY

Threat Model and Security Analysis of the Solidus Protocol

Solidus Foundation

We enumerate adversary capabilities (network attackers, malicious validators, compromised issuers, malicious verifiers) and analyze the protocol's resistance to validator collusion, key compromise, replay, downgrade, and censorship attacks. Includes a fault-tolerance proof for the 2/3+ validator quorum.

22 pp · May 2026Read the paper
[ Authors ]

Names on the papers.

Each paper above was authored by the Solidus Foundation research team with external collaborators.

F.K.
Fatih Koçkesen
Co-Founder & CEO
Y.Y.
Yasin Yıldırım
Co-Founder & Chief Protocol Engineer
U.K.
Ulaş Berke Karataş
Co-Founder & Head of Product Engineering

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